Speaking Flamenco
The following Glossary and Expressions sections will familiarize you with some of the terms and phrases you may encounter in the world of Flamenco:
Glossary
A
afillá
a type of hoarse, earthy flamenco voice
alante
stage front
arpegio
a chord whose notes are played in succession, not simultaneously
atrás
stage rear
B
baile
the dance
bailaoro(-a)
dancer
bout
body of the guitar
braceo
movement of the arms during the dance
C
Caña
very closely related to Soleares, is one of the oldest forms of flamenco, and one of the most pure and beautiful.
Caracoles
This is one type of cantiñ which appeared in Cadiz in the mid-19th century. It became strongly associated with Madrid, although it is essentially from Andalucia, like all flamenco music. Curro Cuchares and El Tato’ who worked in the bull-rings and were also good singers took this style to Madrid where it became very popular. Later it was recreated in a masterly way by Antonio Chacon, who gave it its present brilliance and vitality.
D
danza mora
a style influenced by the Moors of N.Africa (stands for Moorish Dance); guitar 6th string tuned to D
debla
toná with religious overtones
desplante
section of a dance, as in “desplante por bulerias”, performed after the “llamada”. May range from several steps to several compass depending on the choreography
duende
the soul force that inspires flamenco art
E
entrada
entrance of the dancers
estribillo
a flamenco phrase
F
falda
skirt
falseta
a melodic variation played by guitarist
falsete
high pitched voice
fandango
a dance from Huelva; cante chico
farruca
a spectacular male dance, one of the more recent forms of flamenco. Its origin is perhaps in some chants from the North of Spain. It is never sung when played in the pure flamenco idiom. As a dance or as a guitar solo, it is a very dramatic piece.
flamenco
music/dance from Andalucia in Southern Spain. Roots in Indian, Arabic, Spanish cultures.
floreo
movement of the hands
G
gitano(-a)
gypsy
guajiras
a style influenced by Cuban rhythms
H
hondo
deep, profound
J
juerga
flamenco party or jam session
L
llamada
“call” or “break”, dance movement signalling a change of section
M
malagueñas
a free form flamenco style (no specific compas, interpretive, and not danced) from Malaga. Descendent of the Fandango family.
manton
embroidered silk shawl with long fringes
marcando
movements of the dancer during the letra
martinete
toná sung by the gypsies in a forge; refers to hammer
P
palillos
castanets, not used in pure flamenco
palmas
rhythmic hand clapping used to accompany flamenco song and dance
palmeros
men that clap while the musicians play
petenera
Cante that is out of the mainstream, derived from Andalucian folklore. The folklore behind this is that the word is a corruption of “Patenera” who sang the cante and came from Paterna de la Rivera. It is considered by the superstitious to be bad luck to play.
picados
flamenco scales on the guitar
pitos
finger snapping used to accompany flamenco song and dance
planta
sole of the foot
polo
flamenco song derived from the Soleares family
punta
toe of the foot
punteado
plucking technique on the guitar
Q
quejío
cry, lament
R
rasqueado
guitar strumming technique
redonda
flamenco voice
rondenas
a free-form style; it uses an alternative tuning for both 3rd and 6th strings
rumbas
flamenco style influenced by New World rhythms; strumming characterized by damping the strings with the whole hand for syncopation
S
salida
exit of the dancer
serranas
same compas as siguiriyas, but played in E instead of A so has a different mood and texture, though some of the same variations can be transposed
siquiriyas/seguidillas:
profound song, usually sung in a minor key
soleá/soleares
cante jondo called the mother of flamenco song. Consists of 12 beats with accents on the 3rd, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th.
T
tablao
club with stage for flamenco shows
tacaor/tocaor
flamenco guitarist
tacon
heel of the foot
taconeo
footwork
tango
baile chico, flamenco song & dance
tanguillo
flamenco song and dance dervied from the tango
tarantas
free-form style; tarantos danced so it has a compas, and is related to the tarantos in key, etc.
tientos
cante jondo, derived from tango
tocaor/tacaor
flamenco guitarist
tonás
the earliest know flamenco song
toque
guitar playing
toque compás
guitar playing with fixed patterns of rhythmic beats
toque libre
guitar playing with free form rhythm
tremolo
a rapid fluttering of a guitar tone or alternating tones
Z
zapateados
needs very fancy footwork; the compas speeds up, slows down, and speeds up again and is a showcase for dancers (zapato means shoes). Derived from the tango.
Expressions
¡Agua!
Water! I need water!
¡Asi se baila!
Now that's dancing!
¡Asi se toca!
That's how you play!
¡Asi se canta!
That's how you sing!
¡Eso es!
That's it!
¡Hassa!
Great!
¡Jaleo!
Ale, ole! Possibly from the 12th century call “hala” Possibly from the Arabic: Allah!
¡Ole!
Great! Bravo! Well done!
¡Toma que toma!
Take it! Take it! (a call of encouragement)
¡Vamos alla!
Go there! Let's go!
¡Vamo' ya!
Let's go!